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A Semantic Study on Figures of Speech Used in Short Stories of New Stories from the South 2000 the Year’s Best

Studying figures of speech is the way to understand each type of figures speech used. It is very important to study figures of speech because there are mong figures of speech have a little different.

This study was intended to analyze types of figures of speech used in “Short Stories of New Stories from the South 2000 the Year’s Best”. Actually there are a dozen types of figures of speech, but this study only focuses into nineteen types, namely simile, metaphor, metonymy, hyperbole, climax, irony, litotes, oxymoron, synecdoche, aposiopesis, pun, exclamation, apostrophe, antithesis, parenthesis, periphrasis, chiasmus, onomatopoeia and parison.

There are two research problems of this study, they are; first, what are types of figures of speech found in short stories of ‘New Stories from the South 2000 the Year’s Best’. Second, how are each types of the figure of speech used in the short stories of ‘New Stories from the South 2000 the Year’s Best.’

A descriptive research design is used in this study. The data of this study were all text of four short stories from a book entitles Short Stories of New Stories from the South 2000 the Year’s best. Data analysis was conducted in three steps; after obtaining the data from short stories of ‘New Stories from the South 2000 the Year’s Best’, the researcher then analyses the data as follows; coding the data in order to get easy in analyzing it. Second is categorizing the data into four categories in accordance with the number of type short stories are used as the main data sources. After the data of the whole categories have already been presented, analyzed and concluded, the researcher makes tentative conclusion. After consulting with the informants, the researcher makes final conclusion.

The results of this study show that there are sixteen types of figures of speech. They are parison, onomatopoeia, chiasmus, periphrasis, parenthesis, antithesis, apostrophe, exclamation, pun (or paronomasia), aposiopesis, irony, climax, hyperbole, metonymy, metaphor and simile. Moreover, the authors applied these figures of speech appropriately and accurately. Furthermore, the short stories are more understandable, interesting and beautiful.

Based on the results of this study, among figures of speech there have been a little difference. The researcher suggests that the readers be careful in using figures of speech because certain figures of speech sometimes have only slight difference to each others. Furthermore, the researcher suggests that the future researchers conduct similar theme of study with more complete data and discussion.

Semantics Analysis on The Lyrics of Tata Young’s Songs

Knowing and understanding what people say to us is not an easy thing to do. We need to learn several linguistic branches such as semiotics, morphology, pragmatic and semantics. To understand someone’s utterance means to know the intended messages of that person (included the intended meaning). Semantic is the branches of linguistics. This branch is the important one, and there are lexical meaning and contextual meaning such the discussion in this research. One poem of literature is poem that can be expressed in a song. It represents a thought, a feeling and the willingness of the composer. Furthermore, a composer also has great chooses to express his idea. By listening the song, we can get knowledge about appreciates literature and the background of the song. Therefore, the researcher was interested in analyzing the kinds of meaning used in Tata Young’s songs. The researcher dedicates to give the title of this research “Semantics Analysis on The Lyrics of Tata Young’s songs”.

The problems of this study are: (1) What lexical meanings are found in the lyrics of Tata Young’s songs? (2) What contextual meanings are found in the lyrics of Tata Young’s songs?

The researcher limits the discussion of her research based on the three kinds of meaning stated above. The researcher takes five songs from the first album produced in the last of 2006 and became famous in Indonesia in 2005.

This study uses a descriptive qualitative method because the researcher would analyze and interpret the research object of Tata Young’s songs. The step to obtain the data is by collecting sources of data from Tata Young’s songs and from internet in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Young. After that she selects the songs which contain of semantic, reads and listens to the lyrics to understand the content of the songs conducts and analyzes the collected data and makes conclusion.

The results of this research are as follows: (1) related to the lexical meaning, while (2) related to the contextual meaning.

The researcher expects this research will be useful for the other researchers who are eager to know more about semantics. Moreover semantics is an important branch of linguistics that is interesting to be studied especially when it is applied to literary works, such as songs and poem. We can merge those things and make them interesting to study. We do not comprehend our skill in certain literary works, but also we can get a valuable analyzing of the song. In this way, the reason of the researcher chooses this topic

A Semantic Analysis on Economic Terms Used in Economic Columns of the Jakarta Post

In the process of communication with other person, there will be many possibilities of misunderstanding and misinterpreting of the meaning from the language we use. Therefore, understanding meaning is very crucial. To get successful interaction we have to understand both explicit and implicit meaning of the word. Meaning is idea or concept that can be transferred from the speaker’s mind to the hearer by embodying them, as it were, in the form of one language or another. Semantics as one of the linguistic branches is concerns about that. This branch is important and it includes lexical meaning and contextual meaning as the discussion of this thesis.

The problems of this study are: (1) what are the lexical meanings of the economic terms used in economic columns of the Jakarta Post? and (2) what are the contextual meanings of the economic terms used in the economics columns of the Jakarta Post, mean this study aims to investigate semantic study, especially on lexical meaning and contextual meaning found in the Jakarta Post. The lexical meaning is to be interpreted as the meaning of lexemes depending on the meaning of sentences in which they occur. While, contextual meaning is the meaning of words according to the situations in which they are used. Different situations might give sentence different meanings.

The data were obtained from the Jakarta post published on 6th April 2009 until 22nd April 2009 containing 12 articles and 22 economic terms. To analyze the data, this study uses a semantic approach of John Lyons. To comprehend each term analyzed at Economic terms of the Jakarta Post, this study merely uses two kinds of meanings namely lexical meaning and contextual meaning. It used descriptive qualitative method to describe each sentence or each term.

After conducting the study, this study found: 19 terms belong to one-word terms and 3 terms belong to two-word terms. Moreover, it was found that there are 13 economic terms which have different meaning and 9 economic terms which have the same meaning. From this study, it can be concluded that most of the contextual meanings have different Meaning from lexical meanings. Finally, the writer hopes that this study could give contribution for other researchers who are eager to know more about semantics.

Semantic Analysis on Caption of Caricatures in New York Times Newspaper

‘‘Meaning’’ is typically treated as the first source for catching some exact message content of extended discourse (spoken or written) in the case of direct communication or in the case of verbal report such as in newspapers, book and the others. In this study, the characterization of meaning is situated action and reasoning as a fundamental point and significant view of this research. The focus statement of this research is framed practically and theoretically, that is currently facing toward the concept of meaning. It then presents particularly a problematical discussion of semantic terms.


The primary stage of this analysis is about meaning in the terms of denotative meaning and connotative meaning. The important point of views in this research is that, first; the writer tries to find out the scientific or academic information within the caption of caricature, in which the caption of caricature is one of the valuable resources on the interne through New York Times Newspaper.


This requires simple linguistic analysis, including searches for linguistic clues such as reference phrase (“the picture above shows”) and knowledge of which verb and noun in sentence represent a depicted object. In other words, this research is intended to generate discussion about words, phrase and sentence found in caricature that published in New York Times Newspaper.


In this research, the writer uses the suitable theory that framed as descriptive qualitative method, in which the emphasizing of qualitative research threat the case of process, interpretation of meaning and exploration of concepts, the data are in the form of word rather than number and statistic. The major purpose of the descriptive method is to tell and to describe a situation or area of interest systematically, factually and accurately. Based on the operational definition of qualitative method, this method is very appropriate one with this study, because this research is dealing with the object that is in the form of word, phrase and sentence. In such case, the writer selects and uses written texts (caption of caricature) as the data from caricatures of New York Times Newspaper.


However, the writer limits the data by selecting twenty of caricatures. The writer categorizes those caricatures into three parts namely: political caricature, social caricature and economical caricature. In Addition, the writer collects the data from January to May 2009. In analyzing the data, the writer identifies denotative meaning and connotative meaning that are found in the caricatures of New York Times Newspaper.


The data results of this analysis indicate and show some points, those ones could be formulated into two categories, and they are denotative meaning and connotative meaning. In other words, the writer faces that eighty percent of those caricatures talk about current issues of social problem in any cases of life such as political competition, social conflict, ideology, family’s life and sport.

Syntactic and Semantic Characterizations of Infant Utterances: the Case of Ben in "Daddy Day Care” Film

Language is a fundamental instrument for communication and interaction. Those functions however are only found if the speakers are able to convey the ideas and messages to the hearers successfully. In relation to children's language, it is a long-standing and interesting topic to be discussed. Since the children language development topic has attracted many linguists and psychologists from a certain century, it appears many things in line with the children language in later time. Children's utterances have their own characteristics and uniqueness both in syntactic and semantic features. The problem statements which are carried out are: (1) What are the syntactic characterizations of infant utterances in some conversations of Ben (a 4 year old child) as found in "Daddy Day Care" film? and (2) What are the semantic characterizations of infant utterances in some conversations of Ben (a 4 year old child) as found in "Daddy Day Care" film?

To answer those two problems, the researcher studied the utterances of a child aged 4 year old in a certain film. Here, Ben as an exemplar case of the children utterances. The type of this research is embedded single case study focusing on the description of the syntactic and semantic characterization of infant utterances. The data of this research are the "Daddy Day Care" film itself and the utterances of the movie players especially Ben's utterances which become the main data. The example of syntactic and semantic characterizations of children utterances in early multi-word stage analysis given by Adrian Akmajian is very useful during the process of this research data analysis.

The findings shows that there are 8 syntactic characterizations which are: yes/no question, wh-question, negation sentence, subject+prepositional phrase, one/two constituents, noun phrase, verb phrase, and noun phrase+verb phrase. And there are 18 semantic characterizations whicha are: question (confirmation/clarification, request/expectations, request/imperatives, and information request), negation (denial and rejection), location, request/imperatives, attribution, plurality, greeting, information, protest, ascertainment, replying greeting, appreciation, regretting, and justification.

Referring to the result of this research, the researcher expects all people who have academic or science purpose to study more about the children language development. The researcher also expects the parents who have a child in early age to understand more their children language. Children often fail in uttering words or sentences they actually intend to. In contrast, parents also often fail in understanding their children utterances.

A Semantic Analysis on Ulul Al-Bab English Translation in the Holy Qur’an

Understanding and expressing what people do is not an easy as we do. We need to learn several linguistic branches such as semiotics, morphology, pragmatic and semantics. Because to avoid misunderstanding and misinterpretation of the language we used, we have to know the meaning of words or sentences we made. To understand someone utterance means to know the intended messages of that person (included the intended meaning). Semantic as one of linguistics branches is concern about that. This branch is important one, and there are including lexical meaning, sentential meaning and discoursial meaning such the discussion in this thesis.

There are some reasons the researcher chooses this topic. By knowing Ulul Al-Verses, first we can enhance our position in this universe to be useful for others, second we can dig up what does UIN Malang mean? Because UIN Malang using Ulul Albab as a symbol. Therefore, the researcher was interested in analyzing the kind of meaning used in Ulul Al-bab Verses. The researcher dedicates to give the title of this thesis “A Semantic Analysis on Ulul Al-bab English Translation in the Holy Qur’an”.

The problems of this study are what kind of meaning involved in Ulul Al-Bab verses? The researcher limits the discussion of his thesis based on the three kinds of meaning stated above. Ulul Al-bab verses used in this research are Q.S Al-Baqoroh: 179, 197, 269; Q.S Al-Imran: 7, 190,; Al-Maidah: 100; Q.S. Yusuf: 111; Q.S Al-Ra’d: 19; Ibrahim 5: 52; Q.S Shad: 29; 43; Q.S Az-Zumar; 9, 18, 21; Q.S Al-Mukmin/Ghafiri: 54; Q.S At-thalaq: 10 (Al-Bagy; 1945).

In analyzing Ulul Al-Bab verses, the researcher uses Qualitative method because the researcher would analyze and interpret the research object Ulul Albab verses. The step to obtain the data is by collecting sources of data from Interpretation of the Meaning of the Noble Qur’an in the English Language translated by Taqiuddin and Muhammad Muhsin Khan as the relevant source of data, conducting and analyzing the collected data and make conclusion.

After conducting the study, the results of this study are as follows: (1) related to lexical meaning, most of the verses consists of synonym, antonym, hyponym, denotation, connotation, homonym, homophone, polysemy, ambiguity and figurative language. While (2) related to sentential meaning, most of the Ulul Al-bab verses consist of speech act, presupposition, entailment, idioms and deixis. And the last (3) related to discoursial meaning, Ulul Al-Bab verses dominated by cohesion which explains about substitution, ellipsis, reference and conjunction.

Finally, The researcher expects this study could give contribution for the other researchers who are eager to know more about semantics. Moreover semantics as an important branch of linguistics is interesting to be studied especially when it is applied to applied linguistics. But it does not mean that a linguistics branch is monotonous. We can merge those things and make them as interesting study. By this study, we can get two profits at the same time. We do not comprehend our skill in certain applied linguistics. We can get a valuable analyzing of Ulul Al-bab verses. In this way the reason of the researcher chooses this topic and it is important for further researcher to consider it as an interesting challenge to do especially in UIN Malang and society.